Around 5000 BCE grain was being cultivated in ancient Egypt as small settlements were developing in the Delta and along the fertile Nile Valley. At the same time wild animals were also domesticated.
From early times the land was divided into these two regions known as Upper Egypt in the north (Delta) and Lower Egypt in the south (from Memphis to Aswan). During the Predynastic Period these two areas developed along different lines with distinctive characteristics, but in c. 3000 BCE they were united under one king or pharaoh from the southern region. This is the beginning of the First Dynasty.